I will present for the non-expert an introduction to stellar evolution theory, define the problem, and review our new method. For example, we resolve a nagging disagreement of measured data with unitarity. We measure new data with quality that surpasses the efforts of the last four decades. We developed a new method to approach this problem using gamma-beam from the Duke FEL light source and a time projection chamber (TPC) detector, also serving as the target. The C/O ratio also plays an important role in the light curve of Type Ia supernova that are used today as cosmological candles leading to the discovery of “Dark Energy”. For example, Type II supernova progenitor stars with C/O 1 a neutron star. It was dubbed by Willie Fowler in his 1984 Nobel speech as a problem of 'paramount importance', and it remains so today. But in this theory the C/O ratio at the end of helium burning remains elusive. It allows us to use the sun as the best well understood neutrino source with an accuracy of 1%. Stellar evolution theory is a mature science that led to the standard solar model. Stellar Evolution in the Light of Gamma Beams. Finally, we discuss the possible experimental techniques to visualize the orbital magnetization which can be considered as the signatures of the underlying excitations. Thereafter, utilizing the Majorana representation, we estimate the loop currents in the ground state of the chiral Kitaev QSL state, and obtain the consequent current textures, which are responsible for the emergent orbital magnetization. We first derive the localized electrical loop current operator in terms of the spin degrees of freedom. The orbital magnetization is demonstrated explicitly through a detailed microscopic analysis of the multiorbital Hubbard-Kanamori Hamiltonian and also supported by a phenomenological picture. The direction of the orbital magnetization can be flipped by rotating the external magnetic field in the honeycomb plane. We predict an emergent orbital magnetization in a Kitaev system in an external magnetic field. To facilitate the experimental detection of the Kitaev QSL, here we propose to use remnant charge response in Mott insulators hosting QSL to identify the key signatures of QSL.

Unambiguous identification of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) in materials remains a huge challenge despite many encouraging signs from various measurements.

Saikat Banerjee, Los Alamos National LaboratoryĮmergent orbital magnetization in Kitaev quantum magnets

Uiuc physics 101 equation sheet